Heart Attack
A heart attack, also known as a myocardial infarction, occurs when the blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked for an extended period, leading to damage or death of the heart muscle. This blockage is often caused by a buildup of plaque, a combination of fat, cholesterol, and other substances, in the coronary arteries. When plaque ruptures, it forms a clot that obstructs the flow of blood to the heart muscle.
The symptoms of a heart attack can vary, but the most common include chest pain or discomfort, which may feel like pressure, tightness, or squeezing. This pain can radiate to the arms, neck, jaw, or back. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, lightheadedness, or cold sweats. Women may experience less typical symptoms, such as fatigue, indigestion, or back pain.
Immediate treatment is crucial for a heart attack. The primary goal is to restore blood flow to the affected part of the heart muscle as quickly as possible. This is often achieved through medications, such as clot-dissolving drugs, or procedures like angioplasty, where a balloon is used to open up the blocked artery, sometimes followed by the placement of a stent.
Long-term treatment focuses on preventing future heart attacks and managing risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and smoking. Lifestyle changes, including a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, weight management, and quitting smoking, are essential components of ongoing care. In some cases, medication to prevent blood clots or control blood pressure and cholesterol levels is also necessary.
Early recognition and treatment of heart attack symptoms can save lives, underscoring the importance of understanding the signs and taking prompt action.
