Coronary Angioplasty:

• Procedure: A thin, flexible tube called a catheter is inserted into a blood vessel, usually in the groin or wrist, and guided to the blocked coronary artery. A small balloon at the tip of the catheter is then inflated at the site of the blockage. This balloon compresses the plaque against the artery walls, widening the artery and restoring blood flow.
• Duration: Typically takes about 30 minutes to two hours.
• Recovery: Patients often stay in the hospital for a day or two and can usually return to normal activities within a week.

Stenting:

• Procedure: Often performed in conjunction with angioplasty. After the artery is widened with the balloon, a small wire mesh tube called a stent is placed in the artery. The stent acts as a scaffold, keeping the artery open and ensuring long-term blood flow.
• Types of Stents: Bare-metal stents and drug-eluting stents, which are coated with medication to prevent restenosis (re-narrowing of the artery).
• Recovery: Similar to angioplasty, with most patients resuming normal activities within a week.

Indications:

• Persistent chest pain (angina) despite medication
• Acute heart attack
• Severe narrowing or blockage of a coronary artery

Benefits:

• Relieves symptoms of angina
• Improves blood flow to the heart muscle
• Reduces the risk of heart attack
• Enhances overall quality of life

Risks and Complications:

• Bleeding or bruising at the catheter insertion site
• Blood vessel damage
• Allergic reaction to the contrast dye used during the procedure
• Restenosis (re-narrowing of the artery)
• Blood clots forming in the stent

Aftercare:

• Medications: Blood thinners such as aspirin and antiplatelet drugs to prevent blood clots in the stent
• Lifestyle changes: Adopting a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, quitting smoking, and managing stress
• Regular follow-up: Monitoring by a cardiologist to ensure the success of the procedure and manage any ongoing heart health issues

Coronary angioplasty and stenting are vital procedures that can significantly improve heart health, reduce symptoms, and decrease the risk of serious cardiovascular events.