Pigmentation
Pigmentation refers to the coloration of the skin caused by melanin. Abnormal pigmentation can lead to various skin issues, such as dark spots, uneven tone, and hyperpigmentation. Common types include:
Hyperpigmentation:
- Sunspots: Dark spots from UV exposure.
- Melasma: Brown or gray patches often due to hormonal changes.
- Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation: Dark spots from inflammation or injury.
Hypopigmentation:
- Vitiligo: Light patches due to autoimmune response.
- Albinism: Genetic condition causing a lack of melanin.
Causes:
- Sun Exposure: UV rays stimulate excessive melanin production.
- Hormonal Changes: Fluctuations during pregnancy or medication use.
- Skin Inflammation: Conditions like acne or eczema.
- Genetics: Conditions like vitiligo or albinism.
Treatment Options:
- Topical Treatments: Products with hydroquinone, retinoids, or vitamin C to lighten dark spots.
- Chemical Peels: Exfoliate skin to reduce pigmentation.
- Laser Therapy: Targets pigment cells to improve skin tone.
- Microneedling: Promotes collagen production and fades pigmentation.
- Sun Protection: Broad-spectrum sunscreen prevents further pigmentation.
Prevention:
- Use Sunscreen: Daily application to protect against UV damage.
- Limit Sun Exposure: Avoid peak hours and harsh sunlight.
- Skincare Routine: Use products with antioxidants and gentle exfoliants
